Singapore - Consumer Price Index (CPI)

For Singapore, a consumer price index, detailed by COICOP, monthly from 1961. The CPI measures the average price changes in a fixed basket of consumption goods and services commonly purchased by the resident households over time. It is commonly used as a measure of consumer price inflation.

Active:

• Classification: COICOP
• Measurement: Fixed-base index relative to 2024 (Index 2024=100)
• Adjustments:
  • Seasonally adjusted (SA)
  • Not seasonally adjusted (NSA)
• Native frequency: Monthly
• Start date: As early as 1961m1

Predecessors:

• 2019=100 - 1961m1 to 2024m12 ("_19")
• 2014=100 - 1961m1 to 2019m12 ("_14)"
• 2009=100 - 2008m1 (extended to 1961) to 2014m12 ("_09")
• 2004=100 - 1961m1 to 2009m12 ("04")

Global concept alias(es):

• CPI

The source writes:

The data is based loosely on the Classification of Individual Consumption According to Purpose (COICOP).

The weighting pattern for the 2019-based CPI was derived from the expenditure values collected in the Household Expenditure Survey (HES).

The CPI covers only consumption expenditure incurred by resident households. It excludes non-consumption expenditures such as loan repayments, income taxes, purchases of houses, shares, and other financial assets etc. A total of 6,600 brands/varieties are included in the 2019-based CPI basket and they are classified into ten main divisions based largely on the Classification of Individual Consumption According to Purpose (COICOP). The total number of outlets selected for pricing is about 4,200. 

The data series on CPI and its major components are seasonally-adjusted using the X-12 procedure.

The CPI is compiled on a monthly basis. For longer periods, the CPI is derived by averaging the monthly indices. For example, the yearly CPI is derived by taking a simple average of the 12 months’ indices for the year. To compute month-on-month change, the difference between the CPI for the specific month and that for the preceding month expressed in percentage term is used. This measures the change in average prices between the two months and serves as a useful short-term indicator of price movement.

To measure the year-on-year change, the CPI for the specific month is compared with that for the same month of preceding year. Likewise, the annual inflation rate for a specific year is computed by comparing the average for the 12 monthly indices with that of the previous year. 

Yes.

The index base period is advanced every fifth year.

Further reading

At the source:

• Prices » Publications and methodology
• Rebasing of the Consumer Price Index (2019 as Base Year) (pdf)

At IMF (SDDS):

• Price index: Consumer prices (Jan 2025 / Mar 2025)

• Sep 2005 - Initial version.
• Mar 2010 - Rebased to 2009.
• May 2015 - Rebased to 2014.
• Feb 2020 - Rebased to 2019.
• 6 Mar 2025, Phillip Thorne - Rebased to 2024: Properties.