Spain - Consumer Price Index (CPI)

For Spain, the Consumer Price Index (CPI) is a statistical measure of the evolution of the prices of goods and services consumed by the population that reside in family dwellings.

The combination of goods and services that comprise the shopping basket is obtained from the consumption of families, and the importance of each (the weights) is determined by said consumption.

This Data Buffet release also includes the harmonized index of consumer prices (HICP or CPI-H).

Consumer price index

Active:

• Framework: UN Consumer Price Index Manual: Theory and Practice (2004)
• Classification: ECOICOP v2
• Measurement: Fixed-base index relative to 2025 (Index 2025=100)
• Adjustment: Not seasonally adjusted (NSA)
• Native frequency: Monthly
• Start date: Uniformly 2002m1
• Geo coverage:
  • Country
  • NUTS 1/autonomous community (all 19x IESP_^^)
  • NUTS 2/province (52x IESP_^^^)
• All concept-geo pairs exist: No

Predecessors:

• ECOICOP v1, 2021=100 - 2002m1 to 2025m12
• 2016=100 - 2002m1 to 2021m12 (archive specifier "_16")
• 2011=100 - 2002m1 to 2016m12 ("_11")
• 2006=100 - 2002m1 to 2011m12 ("06")
• 2001=100 - 2002m1 to 2006m12 ("01")
• 1992=100 - 1993m1 to 2001m12 ("92")
• 1983=100 - 1977m1 to 1992m12 ("83")

Global concept alias:

• CPI

Harmonized index of consumer prices

Active:

• Measurements:
  • Fixed-base index relative to 2025 (Index 2025=100)
  • Percent change year-over-year (% Y/Y)
• Adjustment: Not seasonally adjusted (NSA)
• Native frequency: Monthly
• Start date: 1997m1
• Geo coverage: Country
• All concept-geo pairs exist: No

Predecessors:

• 2015=100 - 1997m1* to 2025m12
• 2005=100 - 1996m1 to 2015m12

Global concept alias:

• HICP

The base period of the CPI series, which represent the arithmetic mean of monthly indexes published was 2011=100 until December 2016. Starting January 2022, the base year has changed to 2021=100. For the harmonized index, the base is 2015=100.

The weight structure of base 2016 has been elaborated based on the Household Budget Continuous Survey expenditure on consumer goods and services. Also, in order to determine the definitive structure consumption from the National Accounts, price evolution from the CPI and other supply sources in the different sectors.

The reference stratum of the index includes in Spain nor is that of non-residents (whose expenditure, however, is included in the Harmonised Consumer Price Index EU).

The scope of CPI consumption comprises goods and services effectively paid during the base period. All imputed expenses are excluded, such as self-supplies, selfconsumption, imputed rentals and expenses subsidised by Public Administrations (for example, Health or Education), and also investment assets (such as owner occupied housing).

As of January 2012 the CPI methodology was completely renewed. The methodological changes introduced in this System has made the CPI indicator more dynamic, adapting better to the evolution of the market, given that it is possible to update the weightings more frequently. Furthermore, it is possible to include new products in the shopping basket when consumption becomes significant.

Moody's Analytics supplements

For the CPI general index for all geos, we back-extend to 1954m1 and construct a seasonally adjusted counterpart.

For the HICP general index (national geo only), we back-extend prior to 1996m1 and construct a seasonally adjusted counterpart.

Further reading

At the source:

• Methodology

At Eurostat:

• Harmonised indices of consumer prices (HICP) » Overview

At IMF (SDDS Plus):

• Price index: Consumer prices (Feb 2026)

• Sep 2005 - Initial version.
• Jan 2012 - Supplemented national-definition CPI with back-extension and SA.
• Feb 2012 - Rebased to 2011.
• Feb 2013 - Supplemented HICP with back-extension and SA.
• Aug 2016 - HICP rebased to 2015.
• Jun 2017 - CPI rebased to 2016.
• Feb 2022 - CPI rebased to 2021.
• 23 Feb 2026, Phillip Thorne - Reclassified to ECOICOP v2, rebased to 2025: Properties.