Brazil - Consumer Price Index (CPI)

For Brazil, the consumer price index provides a measure of change in prices of a fixed basket of products as determined in the Household Budget Survey.

Active:

• Classification: COICOP
• Measurements:
  • Fixed-base index relative to December 1993 (Dec1993=100)
  • Percent change month-over-month (% M/M)
• Adjustment: Not seasonally adjusted (NSA)
• Native frequency: Monthly
• Start date: As early as 1989m7

Predecessor:

• Index Dec1993=100 - 1989 to 2020

The source writes:

Scope of the data

• Population coverage: The IPCA represents households in urban areas with wage-earning heads of household and a household income of 1-40 minimum wages.
• Geographic coverage: Prices are collected in urban areas in nine metropolitan areas (Rio de Janeiro, Porto Alegre, Belo Horizonte, Recife, São Paulo, Belém, Fortaleza, Salvador, and Curitiba), the municipality of Goiâna, and the capital, Brasilia. It covers 35 percent of the urban population and close to 29 percent of the entire national population.
• Coverage of items: The index is divided into nine major groups: Food and beverage, housing, household goods, clothing, transportation, health and personal care, personal expenses, education, and communication. The groups are divided into 19 subgroups and each subgroup is divided into 52 items. The items are divided into 384 sub-items.

Classification/sectorization

As to classification of the items surveyed, the prevailing criterion for the definition of the major groups is end use by households. The COICOP is a basis for classification, though it has not been applied comprehensively.  

Valuation

The prices collected are the cash prices paid in cash or by check, and refer only to the services and types of products described in the questionnaires, as well as those available at the point of purchase or in stock; services are those that can actually be rendered, and services and types of products generally available to the public.

Prices include taxes.

Discounts on the prices of goods are computed only if they apply to all consumers.

Recording basis

Price information is collected daily, with each establishment visited once a month.  

Moody's Analytics supplements

For the general index, we extend by 10 years using IMF data. We compute an SA supplement.

For the housing component (when it was reported as an index), we computed a seasonally adjusted supplement.

Advance notice of major changes in methodology, source data, and statistical techniques. The name of the publication which contains major changes in methodology is "Sistema Nacional de ìndices de Preços ao Consumidor - Métodos de Cálculo", volume 14, 5a edição, available in Portuguese. Possible changes in methodology are announced at least one month ahead.

Further reading

At the source:

• Prices and costs - Native and English
• National Consumer Price Index (INPC) - Native and English
• Extended National Consumer Price Index (IPCA) - Native and English

At IMF (SDDS-Plus):

• Price index: Consumer prices