Croatia - Real Investment





Croatia: Real Investment

Mnemonic I$.IHRV
Unit Mil. 2015 EUR, NSA
Adjustments Not Seasonally Adjusted
Quarterly 107.14 %
Data 2023 Q4 3,391
2023 Q3 1,637

Series Information

Source Croatian Bureau of Statistics (CBS)
Release GDP and National Accounts [GDP(E), GDP(O)]
Frequency Quarterly
Start Date 3/31/1995
End Date 12/31/2023

Croatia: GDP

Reference Last Previous Units Frequency
Government Consumption 2023 Q4 4,545 3,904 Mil. EUR, NSA Quarterly
Investment 2023 Q4 4,183 1,918 Mil. EUR, NSA Quarterly
Nominal Fixed Investment (gross fixed capital formation) 2023 Q4 3,551 3,534 Mil. EUR, NSA Quarterly
Nominal Gross Domestic Product 2023 Q4 18,730 22,122 Mil. EUR, NSA Quarterly
Private Consumption 2023 Q4 11,874 11,301 Mil. EUR, NSA Quarterly
Real Fixed Investment (gross fixed capital formation) 2023 Q4 2,768 2,737 Mil. 2015 EUR, NSA Quarterly
Real Government Consumption 2023 Q4 3,501 2,956 Mil. 2015 EUR, NSA Quarterly
Real Gross Domestic Product 2023 Q4 14,711 17,101 Mil. 2015 EUR, NSA Quarterly
Real Investment 2023 Q4 3,391 1,637 Mil. 2015 EUR, NSA Quarterly
Real Private Consumption 2023 Q4 9,254 8,792 Mil. 2015 EUR, NSA Quarterly

Release Information

For Croatia, the quarterly and annual national accounts (QNA and ANA), including the expenditure and production approaches to gross domestic product (GDP(E) and GDP(O)) and gross value added by economic activity (GVA).

The source, Croatian Bureau of Statistics, states that this release presents the data series on gross domestic product (GDP) for the Republic of Croatia by major categories of expenditure and economic activities. The data are presented at current prices, constant prices of a previous year, and constant prices of a referent year.

By expenditure approach, GDP is presented at market prices and gross value added (GVA) by activities at basic prices.

Active:

  • Framework: ESA 2010 
  • Method vintage: 2021
  • Industry classification: NKD 2007
  • Measurements: 
    • Millions of euros at constant year-2015 prices (Mil. 2015 EUR) 
    • At current prices (Mil. EUR)
    • Growth rate relative to previous quarter (% Q/Q)
    • Growth rate relative to corresponding period of previous year (% Y/Y)
  • Adjustments: Not seasonally adjusted (NSA)
  • Geo coverage: Country 
  • Native frequencies and start dates:
    • Quarterly growth rates - 1996Q1
    • Quarterly levels - 1995Q1
    • Annual - as early as 1995

Predecessors:

  • At 2015 prices in HRK, quarterly - 1995Q1 to 2022Q3 (archive specifier "_22")
  • Method 2020, at 2015 prices, quarterly - 1995Q1 to 2021Q2 ("_21")
  • Method 2020, at 2015 prices, annual - 1995 to 2020 ("_21")
  • At 2015 prices, quarterly - 1995Q1 to 2020Q2 ("_20")
  • At 2015 prices, annual - 1995 to 2019 ("_20")
  • At 2010 prices, quarterly - 2000Q1 to 2019Q2 ("_10")
  • At 2010 prices, annual - 1995 to 2018 ("_10")

Basic chain-linked indices are calculated by using the time series at prices of the previous year or by linking them to a reference year, in this cas 2015=100. Real growth rates are calculated by using the series of basic chain-linked indices.

The time series at current prices of the previous year are additive, meaning total GDP and GVA should be the sum of the relevent compoenent parts.  The constsnt price series with a currency reference year will not have the same additive features.  This is the nature of the chain-linked prices.

Adjustment of quarterly GDP figures according to the revised annual data for the period from 2000 to 2013 was carried out by using the ECOTRIN programme. The ECOTRIN programme has been developed by Eurostat, and provides a set of mathematical and statistical techniques which are used for temporal disaggregation of data series.

During the process of adjustment, the discrepancy between estimated quarterly data and final annual data is minimised. The result is the achievement of consistency of quarterly and annual data, that is, the sum of quarterly data is equal to annual data in every year.

Definitions

The concept and the methodology used are consistent with the European System of National and Regional Accounts.

The GDP measures the total value of final goods and services produced by resident institutional units during a certain period of time.

For the GDP at current and constant market prices by expenditure category, the following classifications were used: the Classification of Individual Consumption by Purpose (COICOP), the Standard International Trade Classification (SITC) and the Central Product Classification (CPC).

The classification of business entities by activities is in line with the NKD 2007, which is directly comparable to the NACE Rev. 2 classification. The product classification, which was used for the calculation of GVA in current and constant prices by activities, is harmonised with the National Nomenclature of Industrial Products and Services, which is comparable to the PRODCOM classification.

The GDP estimates include all activities within the ESA 2010 production boundary and cover the total territory of the Republic of Croatia.

The estimates are prepared on an accrual basis.

Expenditure approach

Current prices

The compilation of the GDP at market prices, according to the expenditure approach at current prices, is based on data from regular surveys of the Croatian Bureau of Statistics, the Ministry of Finance, the Croatian National Bank and the Financial Agency.

Final consumption expenditure of households is calculated from regular surveys of the Croatian Bureau of Statistics on turnover data for retail trade and for hotels and restaurants. Expenditure on other services, which are not covered by regular surveys of the Croatian Bureau of Statistics, was extrapolated from the base year quarterly values by using volume indices from the production approach and relevant cost of living indices until the fourth quarter of 2003. Since the first quarter of 2004, adequate sub-indices of the consumer price indices (CPI) have been used for this purpose.

The government final consumption expenditures data and the non-profit institutions serving households expenditure (NPISH) were calculated by using the Quarterly Statistical Report on Income and Expenditure of Budget and Budgetary Users and Non-Profit Organisations and on the Ministry of Finance data on the general government The difference between the accrual and the cash concepts was provisional. Therefore, the final data were presented according to the accrual concept.

Gross fixed capital formation data were calculated by means of a commodity flow method, using data for production and import of capital goods and construction activity.

Changes in inventories were calculated by using data from the Quarterly Statistical Report on Business Results of Entrepreneurs until the fourth quarter of 2012. In the quarters after 2012, the changes in inventories were calculated by using the data of the Croatian Bureau of Statistics on changes in inventories. The statistical discrepancy was also included in this category (the difference in the GDP calculation by production and expenditure approach).

The application of the Balance of Payment Manual (BPM6) have led to the following changes in the balance of payments current account:

Data on exports and imports include only goods that are a subject to the change of ownership between residents and non-residents. In other words, goods that are exported or imported for finishing, working or processing are no longer seen as a part of the international trade in the balance of payments. The manufacturing services on physical inputs owned by others (finishing, working or processing) are in the BPM6 included in the services’ account. Conclusively, the balance of payments includes only the net value of a service, which implies a processing fee and not the value of remanufactured goods.

When applying the BPM6, the merchanting of goods is shown according to the gross principle within the current account of goods as a separate item. It includes the value of goods under merchanting, which does not cross the customs border of a merchant’s country but is purchased and than sold again abroad. Thus, the buying of goods is shown as a negative export of a merchant’s resident country and the selling of goods is shown as a positive export. Goods under merchanting are shown by transaction costs and not by FOB values, but only in the merchant’s resident country.

Repairs of goods do no longer make a part of exports and imports of goods, but are shown as a part of services.

In financial services, a novelty introduced by the BPM6 includes indirectly measured fees for financial intermediary services (financial intermediary services indirectly measured – FISIM), which means that one part of income from investment is reclassified from the primary income to services.

Constant prices

Individual components of the GDP by expenditure category at constant prices were calculated by deflating the current market price data, using indices at prices of the previous year.

Data on household consumption at constant prices were calculated by using adequate CPI sub-indices.

Concerning government expenditures and expenditures for non-profit institutions serving households, an assumption of constant productivity was applied so that the wage and salary indices at constant prices were calculated by dividing the data on current expenditures on wages and salaries by indices of the number of persons employed. Expenditures on other goods and services were deflated by using adequate CPI sub-indices and industrial producers' price indices.

Gross fixed capital formation data were deflated by domestic and import prices of capital goods and the implicit deflator for construction activity by production approach.

Changes in inventories of final goods and work in progress were deflated by prices of industrial products. Changes in inventories of raw materials were deflated by industrial producers' price indices and import prices of raw materials. For deflation of changes in inventories of goods purchased for resale, a relevant CPI was used.

Export of goods was deflated by using Industrial producer price indices on non-domestic market and Fisher-type unit value indices. Import of goods was deflated by using foreign countries Industrial producer price indices on non-domestic market and Fisher-type unit value indices.

Export of services was deflated by relevant price indices for goods on the domestic market. Import of services was deflated by relevant prices indices on the markets of the most significant trading partner countries.

Production approach

Current prices

The calculation of the GVA at current prices is based on data from regular surveys of the Croatian Bureau of Statistics, the Croatian National Bank, the Croatian Financial Services Supervisory Agency, the Croatian Regulatory Authority for Network Industries and the Croatian Institute for Pension Insurance.

Besides above mentioned data sources, data used for the calculation of GVA are Tax Administration data on taxable and non-taxable supplies. These data are obtainable from value added tax (VAT) declarations submitted by entrepreneurs on the monthly and quarterly bases. The data are collected separately for legal entities and natural persons. The calculation is done for each group at the 2-digit NKD 2007 level.

Data on taxes and subsidies on products were taken over from the data of the Ministry of Finance.

The GDP at market prices was derived from the GVA at basic prices by adding taxes less subsidies on products to the latter total.

Constant prices

The calculation of GVA is given at constant prices of the previous year and at constant prices of the reference year (2015 = 100).

For the compilation at constant prices, various indicators from regular surveys of the Croatian Bureau of Statistics were used as well as data from other institutions. Appropriate volume indices at constant prices were used for data calculation in agriculture, forestry and fishing activities, industrial production, construction, trade, hotels and restaurants, transport, communication and financial activities. The calculation was done at the 2- and 3-digit NKD 2007 levels.

Input indicators (number of employed persons in most cases) at the 4-digit NKD 2007 level were used for most other service activities.

Moody's Analytics supplements

We construct seasonally adjusted counterparts to: GDP(E) and GDP(O), at current and constant prices, quarterly.

Quarterly data are provisional and calculated according to the preliminary annual calculation. When annual GDP is finalized, the quarterly data are revised.

In late 2022, annual and quarterly data underwent full revisions, viz., from 1995.

Croatia acceded to the euro zone in January 2023, so data were redenominated from kuna to euros.

Further reading

At the source:

At IMF (SDDS):

  • 3 Mar 2023, Phillip Thorne - HRK replaced by EUR: Properties.