United States - Producer Price Index (PPI)





United States: Producer Price Index (PPI)

Mnemonic PPI.IUSA
Unit Index 1982=100, SA
Adjustments Seasonally Adjusted
Monthly 1.39 %
Data Feb 2024 258.59
Jan 2024 255.04

Series Information

Source U.S. Bureau of Labor Statistics (BLS)
Release Producer Price Index (PPI)
Frequency Monthly
Start Date 4/30/1947
End Date 2/29/2024

United States: Price

Reference Last Previous Units Frequency
Consumer Price Index (CPI) Feb 2024 311.05 309.68 Index 1982-84=100, SA Monthly
Producer Price Index (PPI) Feb 2024 258.59 255.04 Index 1982=100, SA Monthly
Wholesale Price Index 2016 100.37 103.09 Index 2010 = 100 Annual

Release Information

For the U.S., the Producer Price Index (PPI) is a family of indexes that measures the average change over time in selling prices received by domestic producers of goods and services. PPIs measure price change from the perspective of the seller. This contrasts with other measures, such as the Consumer Price Index (CPI), that measure price change from the purchaser's perspective. Sellers' and purchasers' prices may differ due to government subsidies, sales and excise taxes, and distribution costs.

The corpus of the PPI is subject to change. The dataset has a range of index base periods, between 1967 and 2023. Individual indexes are subject to rebasing under specific conditions.

Active:

  • Classification: NAICS
  • Measurements:
    • Fixed-base index relative to 1982 (Index 1982=100)
    • ...
    • Dec2014
    • May2015
    • May2016
    • Sep2016
  • Adjustments:
    • Seasonally adjusted (SA)
    • Not seasonally adjusted (NSA)
  • Native frequency: Monthly
  • Start date: As early as 1913m1

Predecessors:

  • 1967=100
  • SIC-based ("_SIC")

The producer price indexes is obtained through the systematic sampling of industries. In the mining and manufacturing sectors, price information from virtually every industry is captured. By contrast, although PPI coverage of the service sector of the economy is substantial (more than 70 percent), it remains incomplete. The PPI program also includes data that track other sectors of the economy: agriculture, fishing, forestry, utilities (natural gas and electricity), and construction. As of January 2014, the PPI program included the following indexes:

Price indexes for approximately 535 mining, forestry, utility, construction, manufacturing, and services industries; over 500 indexes for groupings of industries; and more than 4,000 indexes for specific within-industry product and service categories;

More than 3,700 commodity price indexes for goods and about 800 for services (seasonally adjusted and not seasonally adjusted), organized by product, service, and end use;

Over 600 indexes for aggregate measures of price change, including the aggregation system for final demand–intermediate demand (FD–ID).

Together, these elements constitute a system of price measures designed to meet the need for both aggregate information and detailed applications, such as following price trends for specific industries and products, as well as the need for tracking price movements at a more aggregated level relative to the overall economy.

Universe

The PPI universe consists of the output of all industries in the goods-producing sectors of the U.S. economy—mining, manufacturing, agriculture, fishing, and forestry—as well as the output of the natural gas, electricity, and construction industries. Recycled goods that compete with those made in the goods-producing sectors, such as waste and scrap materials, also are outputs that are part of the survey. Imports no longer are included within the PPI universe; however, the BLS International Price Program publishes price indexes for both imports and exports. (See chapter 15.) Goods shipped between establishments owned by the same company (termed interplant or intracompany transfers) are included, as is a substantial percentage of the domestic production of goods specifically made for the military.

Classifications

There are three main PPI classification structures which draw from the same pool of price information provided to the BLS by cooperating company reporters:

  1. Industry classification. A Producer Price Index for an industry is a measure of changes in prices received for the industry's output sold outside the industry (that is, its net output). The PPI publishes approximately 535 industry price indexes in combination with over 4,000 specific product line and product category sub-indexes, as well as, roughly 500 indexes for groupings of industries. North American Industry Classification System (NAICS 2017) index codes provide comparability with a wide assortment of industry-based data for other economic programs, including productivity, production, employment, wages, and earnings.
  2. Commodity classification. The commodity classification structure of the PPI organizes products and services by similarity or material composition, regardless of the industry classification of the producing establishment. This system is unique to the PPI and does not match any other standard coding structure. In all, PPI publishes more than 3,700 commodity price indexes for goods and about 800 for services (seasonally adjusted and not seasonally adjusted), organized by product, service, and end use.
  3. Commodity-based Final Demand-Intermediate Demand (FD-ID) System. Commodity-based FD-ID price indexes regroup commodity indexes for goods, services, and construction at the subproduct class (six-digit) level, according to the type of buyer and the amount of physical processing or assembling the products have undergone. The PPI publishes over 600 FD-ID indexes (seasonally adjusted and not seasonally adjusted) measuring price change for goods, services, and construction sold to final demand and to intermediate demand. The FD-ID system replaced the PPI stage-of-processing (SOP) system as PPI's primary aggregation model with the release of data for January 2014. The FD-ID system expands coverage in its aggregate measures beyond that of the SOP system by incorporating indexes for services, construction, exports, and government purchases.

Moody's Analytics supplements

The BOC provides seasonally adjusted counterparts for most series. In the case that the BOC does not provide a SA supplement of the SA supplement significantly lags, Moody's Analytics provides their own SA series. The different sets of series are coded as such:

  • BOC NSA series: XPPI?.IUSA
  • BOC SA series: PPI?.IUSA
  • Moody's SA sereis: RPPI?M.IUSA

Annual revisions are usually made to the seasonally adjusted data for the preceding five years. Revisions are typically released in Februrary (two business days prior to the release of January data).

Major revisions are made every ten years as part of comprehensive benchmarking.

DataBuffet.com carries data for more than 22,000 PPI concepts, over 900 are seasonally adjusted. A listing of all PPI series is available within the reference section (Help Files) of the DataBuffet.

For more information, please visit:

  • Apr 2005 - Initial version.
  • 17 Aug 2023, Phillip Thorne - Select items rebased to 2023: Properties.