United States - Exports of Goods

For the U.S., international merchandise trade, detailed by commodity and country, valuation by balance of payments basis and customs basis, monthly from 1978. Select concepts are reported by state.

The FT900 is a joint project of the U.S. Bureau of Economic Analysis and U.S. Census Bureau. End-use commodity classifications are derived from the international Harmonized Commodity
Description and Coding System (HS) maintained by the World Customs Organization (WCO).

The balance of trade represents foreign trade in goods and services. The balance is the difference between exports and imports. Merchandise export and import data are provided for U.S total foreign trade with all nations, detail for trade with particular nations and regions of the world, as well as for individual commodities.

Active:

• Classifications:
  • End-use category
  • SITC
  • NAICS
• Measurements:
  • Millions of U.S. dollars at chained year-2017 prices (Mil. Ch. 2017 USD)
  • At current prices (Mil. USD)
• Cumulations:
  • Year-to-date (YTD)
  • None
• Adjustments:
  • Seasonally adjusted (SA)
  • Not seasonally adjusted (NSA)
• Native frequency: Monthly
• Start dates:
  • 1954m1 for totals
  • 1978m1 for end-use categories
  • 1985m1 by country
  • As early as 1987m1 by principal SITC
  • 1989m1 for end-use categories on BOP basis
  • etc.
• Geo coverage:
  • Country (IUSA)
  • State, DC, Puerto Rico (^^)
• All concept-variant-geo tuples exist: No

Predecessors:

• At 2012 prices - 1978m1 to 2024m3 ("_12")
• At 2009 prices - 1994m1 to 2018m3 ("_09")
• Services - 1992m1 to 2014m3 ("_14")
• At 2005 prices - 1994m1 to 2013m3 ("_05")
• At 2000 prices - 1994m1 to 2009m3 ("_00")

The export statistics are derived mainly from mandatory information supplied by commercial exporters to the Customs Bureau, which reports these figures to the Bureau of the Census. These figures are supplemented by data from some exporters who report their shipments directly to Census. The import statistics are derived from mandatory information supplied by importers to the Customs Bureau, which reviews the data for accuracy and provides the corrected data to Census.

For imports, the value reported is the U. S. Customs Service appraised value of merchandise; generally, the price paid for merchandise for export to the United States. Import duties, freight, insurance, and other charges incurred in bringing merchandise to the United States are excluded.

Exports are valued at the f.a.s.- free alongside ship value of merchandise at the U.S. port of export, based on the transaction price including inland freight, insurance and other charges incurred in placing the merchandise alongside the carrier at the U.S. port of exportation.

Monthly data include actual month's transactions as well as a small number of transactions for previous months. Each month the Census revises the aggregate seasonally adjusted (current and constant dollar) and unadjusted export, import and trade balance figures, as well as the end-use totals for the prior month. SITC and country detail data are not revised monthly. The timing adjustment shown in Exhibit 14 is the difference between monthly data as originally reported and as recompiled.

Each month a preliminary estimate is released for the current month and a revision is made to the preceding month. After a revised month is released, no further changes will be made until the quarterly international transactions estimates, based on more complete source data, are released. The first monthly release that follows the quarterly international transactions release will contain revised estimates for the previous six months, in order to align the monthly estimates with the quarterly estimates. Annual revisions for the months and quarters are made in June, which incorporate updated source data and changes in estimating methodologies.

With the release of the “U.S. International Trade in Goods and Services” report (FT-900) on March 8, 2023, statistics for the area grouping “Euro Area” will include Croatia, which adopted the euro as its currency effective January 1, 2023. This change will affect exhibit 14 of the FT-900 and exhibit 4 of the FT-900 Supplement.

The monthly trade statistics are notoriously volatile from month to month

An explanation of service imports & exports

The statistics are estimates of services transactions between foreign countries and the 50 states, the District of Columbia, Puerto Rico, the U.S. Virgin Islands, and other U.S. territories and possessions. Transactions with U.S. military, diplomatic, and consular installations abroad are excluded because they are considered to be part of the U.S. economy.

Services are shown in seven broad categories. Types of services for imports and exports are the same for six of the seven categories. For the seventh, exports is "Transfers Under U.S. Military Sales Contracts" while for imports the category is "Direct Defense Expenditures". The following is a brief description of the types of services included in each category:

1. Travel - Purchases of services and goods by U.S. travelers abroad and by foreign visitors to the United States. A traveler is defined as a person who stays for a period of less than 1 year in a country of which the person is not a resident. Travel includes expenditures for food, lodging, recreation, gifts, and other items incidental to a foreign visit.
2. Passenger Fares - Fares paid by residents of one country to residents in other countries. Receipts consist of fares received by U.S. carriers from foreign residents for travel between the United States and foreign countries and between two foreign points. Payments consist of fares paid by U.S. residents to foreign carriers for travel between the United States and foreign countries.
3. Other Transportation - Charges for the transportation of goods by ocean, air, waterway, pipeline, and rail carriers to and from the United States. Includes freight charges, operating expenses that transportation companies incur in foreign ports, and payments for vessel charter and aircraft and freight car rentals.
4. Royalties and License Fees - Transactions with foreign residents involving intangible assets and proprietary rights, such as the use of patents, techniques, processes, formulas, designs, know-how, trademarks, copyrights, franchises, and manufacturing rights. The term "royalties" generally refers to payments for the utilization of copyrights or trademarks, and the term "license fees" generally refers to payments for the use of patents or industrial processes.
5. Other Private Services - Transactions with affiliated foreigners, for which no identification by type is available, and of transactions with unaffiliated foreigners. (The term "affiliated" refers to a direct investment relationship, which exists when a U.S. person has ownership or control, directly or indirectly, of 10 percent or more of a foreign business enterprise's voting securities or the equivalent, or when a foreign person has a similar interest in a U.S. enterprise.) Transactions with unaffiliated foreigners consist of education services; financial services (includes commissions and other transactions fees associated with the purchase and sale of securities and noninterest income of banks, and excludes investment income); insurance premiums and losses; telecommunications services (includes transmission services and value-added services); and business, professional, and technical services. Included in the last group are advertising services; computer and data processing services; database and other information services; research, development, and testing services; management, consulting, and public relations services; legal services; construction, engineering, architectural, and mining services; industrial engineering services; installation, maintenance, repair of equipment; and other services, including medical services and film and tape rental.
6. Transfers Under U.S. Military Sales Contracts (Exports only) - Exports of goods and services in which U.S. Government military agencies participate. Includes both goods, such as equipment, and services, such as repair services and training, that cannot be separately identified.
7. Direct Defense Expenditures (Imports only) - Expenditures incurred by U.S. military agencies abroad, including expenditures by U.S. personnel, payments of wages to foreign residents, construction expenditures, payments for foreign contractual services, and procurement of foreign goods. Includes both goods and services that cannot be separately identified.
8. U.S. Government Miscellaneous Services - Transactions of U.S. Government nonmilitary agencies with foreign residents. Most of these transactions involve the provision of services to, or purchases of services from, foreigners; transfers of some goods are also included.

Services estimates are based on quarterly, annual, and benchmark surveys and partial information generated from monthly reports. Service transactions are estimated at market prices. Estimates are seasonally adjusted when statistically significant seasonal patterns are present. No country or area detail is available due to the lack of adequate source data upon which to base estimates.

Inconsistencies

The Census Bureau identifies the report as both the "FT900" and "FT-900".

The joint nature of the FT900 is mentioned on the press release, but not the Census Bureau's release homepage.

Breaks

For state-level data, there is a break in classification from SIC to NAICS from 2000m1. This is notated in the "source" field.

Further reading

At the Census Bureau:

• Guide to International Trade Statistics
• Guide to the U.S. International Trade Statistical Program
• Reference » Codes » Classification system codes
• Schedule B 2024, commodity classification for exports from U.S., based on HS

• Apr 2005 - Initial version.
• Jun 2009 - Currency reference year advanced to 2005.
• Mar 2013 - Table 15 changed to SITC codes.
• Jul 2016 - Currency reference year advanced to 2009.
• Aug 2018 - Currency reference year advanced to 2012.
• 10 Jun 2024, Phillip Thorne - Properties, Breaks, Further reading.