Mexico - Labor Force

For Mexico, the Encuesta Nacional de Ocupación y Empleo Nueva Edición (ENOEN) he is a household survey in which the analysis units are persons and its units of selection are private dwellings, with data from 2005.

This survey supercedes the Encuesta Nacional de Ocupación y Empleo (ENOE), the Encuesta Nacional de Empleo (ENE) which ran from 1988 to 2004 and the Encuesta Nacional de Empleo Urbano (ENEU) which ran from 1987 to 2004. For some series, Instituto Nacional de Estadística Geografia e Informática (INEGI) has reported unified series that bridge the changes in the surveys. The surveys are periodically benchmarked to the national census of population and housing.

Active:

• Benchmark: CPV 2020
• Industry classification: NAICS
• Measurements:
  • Unitary count of persons (#)
  • Percent (%)
• Adjustments:
  • Seasonally adjusted (SA)
  • Not seasonally adjusted (NSA)
• Native frequency: Quarterly
• Start date: Varies
• Geo coverage: 
• Country
• 32 states
• 36 cities

Predecessors:

• ENEO pre-CPV 2020 - 2005Q1 to 2020Q4 (archive specifier_20)
• ENEO benched to CPV 2010 - 2005Q1 to 2014Q3 (_14)
• ENEO benched to CPV 2005 - 1995Q2 to 2010Q4 (_05)
• ENEO for federal district - 2005 to 2010 (geo code IMEX_DF)
• Federal district - 2005 to 2008 (geo codes IMEX_DF and IMEX_MMEX)
• ENEU for 48-city aggregate - 1987 to 2003

Geographical coverage

ENOE is conducted every quarter throughout the country. Its coverage is nationwide, and can be broken down into federative entities [states], 32 urban areas, and an urban aggregate of 32 metropolitan areas. A monthly fraction of the quarterly sample gives monthly figures on the open unemployment rate and its main characteristics on a national scale, as well as for the urban aggregate.

Population covered: all population living in private dwellings either in rural or urban areas. Economic activities cover both agricultural and non agricultural ones.

Information covered

• Age
• Gender
• Family relations
• Education
• Place of birth
• Marital status
• Number of live-born children
• Residence status
• Migration
• Workforce characteristics
• Economically active population
• Working population
• Unemployed population

Working population

• Status in employment
• Main occupation
• Branch of economic activity
• Type of business
• Number of employees in the economic unit
• Economic sector
• Type of contract
• Hours of work
• Form of payment
• Income
• Job benefits
• Other job(s) held
• Regularity of work
• Additional employment (employment status, main occupation, branch of economic   activity)
   Seeking another job

Unemployed population

• Type of job sought
• Duration of unemployment
• Work experience
• Reasons for unemployment
• Position held in last job
• Occupation in last job
• Sector of activity in last job

Notes on concepts

Unemployment rate: INEGI reports both seasonally adjusted and a calendar adjusted figures in addition to the unadjusted figure. The calendard adjusted figures are adjusted for Easter.

The National Survey of Occupation and Employment (ENOE) applies to household members of a home selected by sampling techniques.

The sampling scheme is probabilistic, two-stage, stratified cluster, is the ultimate unit of selection and private homes as observation unit people. Each quarter about 120,000 of a total of 24.7 million in the country (about 0.5% of total dwellings) are selected.  

The survey operates on the basis of a rotating sample. Each quarter, one fifth of the total sample is visited five times (one visit per quarter) and replaced with another fifth that from now on is subject of a new cycle of five visits. This implies that the other four fifths of the sample were present the previous quarter (one of those four fifths is visited for the second time, another for the third, the other for the fourth and the last one for the fifth and final occasion).   

On a monthly basis, and with one third of the total sample, the survey is representative of the nation as a whole, and for the aggregate of urban areas. Once the sample is completed each quarter, the information is representative of the nation as a whole, as well as of its urban and rural areas taken apart. The quarterly sample is also representative of each of the 32 Mexican states. The sample size guarantees for all of indicators disseminated on the Internet – either on a monthly or quarterly basis - a coefficient variation of less than 15%.

Once a home has been selected revisit it every three months to complete a total of five visits. At this point the whole group of houses completed that cycle is replaced by another group starts its own cycle. These groups of houses according to the number of visitors who have are called sample panels and in each field when there are five panels, ie five groups of houses that are about to enter either your first, second, third, fourth or fifth visit. Thus, there is always a fifth of the sample that is completely new while the other four-fifths had been visited three months ago. This scheme allows the sample to give a combination of stability and renewal while contributing to both researchers specializing in labor issues such as tracking demographic changes that have taken over the homes of the time they remained in the sample (longitudinal studies).

The fact that each household has a probability of selection means that all residents are representative of many others in your area (control sample) in both demographic and socioeconomic characteristics, so that the results are generalized to representing the entire population, which is done through so-called expansion factors, which are the inverse of the probability of selection of homes. Each expansion factor, therefore, takes into account the socioeconomic and geographic scope that corresponds to the selected household.

Note that the expansion factors are corrected by the percentage of occupied dwellings and selected sample, plus those selected but not interviewed either by refusal or failure to find anyone at the time of the visit. And to ensure that adequate total population expansion factors adjusted for nonresponse are corrected by the population projection agreed by a peer group comprised of experts demographers National Population Council, El Colegio de Mexico and INEGI.

The survey is designed to give national results and the addition of 32 urban areas for each quarter. It also allows the national level can be broken down into four domains: I) locations and over 100 000 inhabitants, II) of 15 000-99 999 inhabitants, III) of 2 500-14 999 inhabitants and IV) less than 2500 inhabitants. In turn, each quarter builds up a sufficient number of dwellings (120.260) to be representative for each state, while the addition of 32 urban areas can yield data for each of them. As a preliminary quarterly reporting also provides monthly information with a third of the sample, the third does not allow disaggregation described above for the quarter but guaranteed to have, for any month has elapsed, the national data and the aggregate of 32 urban areas , so that they can be contrasted to either field (domestic and urban) which respectively have levels of unemployment and underemployment. The timetable for the dissemination of INEGI-available in your website, indicated on what date the information will be provided one month's uprising and what other information of a quarter, more abundant detail.

Conceptually, the ENOE takes into account the criteria which the Organization for Economic Cooperation and Development (OECD) proposed within the general framework of the International Labour Organization (ILO), allowing more clearly define the population occupied and unoccupied, and facilitates international comparability of occupation and employment figures. The ENOE also incorporates the conceptual framework of the ILO and the Delhi Group's recommendations concerning the measurement of employment in the Informal Sector. The survey is designed to identify without confusing the concepts of unemployment, underemployment and informality, as well as to take into account and give them a specific place for those people who do not actively lobbying in the labor market because they themselves consider that they have no chance of competing in it (women who are dedicated to the home does not have accumulated work experience, mature, older, etc.).

To this is added to the design of the ENOE is focused on providing abundant evidence to characterize the quality of employment in Mexico to be considered that this aspect is analytically as relevant as the unemployment of the same or any other phenomenon of imbalance between supply and demand for labor. No less important is that the design of the survey has opened more possibilities for both gender on the scope of work and to the marginalization from the field.

Importantly, the vast majority of economic series are affected by seasonal factors. These are periodic effects that are repeated every year and whose causes can be considered outside the economic nature of the series, such as holidays, the fact that some months are more days than others, the school vacation periods, the effect of climate at different seasons of the year and other seasonal fluctuations, eg, overproduction of toys in the months leading up to Christmas caused by expectations of higher sales in December.

In this sense, the seasonal or seasonal adjustment of economic series is to remove these influences intra-annual periodical, because its presence difficult to diagnose or describe the behavior of economic series can compare to no one given the immediately preceding quarter. Analyze the seasonally adjusted series helps make a better diagnosis and prognosis of the evolution of it, as it facilitates the identification of the likely direction of movements that could have the variable in question, in the short term. It should be noted that the seasonally adjusted totals are calculated independently of its components.

Moody's Analytics supplements

We seasonally adjust total population and working-age population.

The data are preliminary when first released and are revised during the first quarter of the following year at which time they become final.

Revisions due to new empirical evidence on demographic dynamics are conducted a year after the last Census or Population Counting is made (this occurs twice in a decade) and changes are retrospective.

As of 2021, the source will incrementally revise history to incorporate a new population benchmark, viz., the 2020 Population and Housing Census. As announced on 17 May 2021, the process will run until 2026, starting with:

• 2021Q3 results (in November 2021), with revision of 2019Q1 to 2019Q3
• 2021Q4 results, with revision of 2018Q3 to 2019Q1
• etc.

We have denoted this with a generic notation in the "source" metadata for each series:

[Break in population benchmark prior to 2019]

Further reading

More extensive information on the results published in this release can be obtained from INEGI's information centers and the websites of the Institute (www.inegi.org.mx) and the Ministry of Labour and Social Welfare (www.stps.gob.mx).

At INEGI:

• Re: the incremental revision of ENOE to benchmark to the 2020 census (17 May 2021)

At IMF (SDDS):

• Labor market: Employment
• Labor market: Unemployment